The Future Of Brain Implants - 1386 Words

The Future of Brain Implants Current and future technology Over the last twenty years, scientists have been developing brain implants to help people suffering from Alzheimer s disease, dementia, stroke and/or brain injuries to restore their ability to create long-term memories. Current technology is becoming more invasive both in terms of interconnections within the physical body and our mental dependence. According to a researcher Ellen M. McGee, Long Island University, â€Å"The future development of brain implants will give us the ability to manipulate external reality, the physical world, and ourselves.† With today’s technologies, the line between living organisms and machines is getting very blurry. This issue could potentially affect†¦show more content†¦Enhanced smell will intensify our ability to distinguish scents, and an amplified sense of touch will enable us to discern environmental stimuli such us changes in barometric pressure.† In 2013, at Duke University School of Medicine, scientists implanted brain chips into rats’ barrel cortex to teach them â€Å"see† infrared light that they normally cannot see. Neuroscientist Miguel Nicolelis and Eric Thomson made an experiment where they implanted four clusters of sensors into the barrel cortexes of the rats that were responsible for their senses. Those clusters converted infrared light into an electrical signal that stimulated rats to go to one of the four feeding stations. Rats would go the feeding station where the infrared light was on and press the button on the feeding station to receive the reward. â€Å"In an older, single sensor version of the experiment, it took the rats one month to adapt. With four sensors, it took them just three days† (Coghlan). What interesting was that rats’ original senses stayed the same without changes, plus they learned to use their new sense of seeing infrared light. Later, scientists want to teach ra ts see the ultraviolet light, microwaves, radio waves, and X-rays. A reporter for New Scientist Andy Coghlan stated, â€Å"It seems that natureShow MoreRelatedFuture And Future Of Implants956 Words   |  4 PagesFuture of Implants When I asked Dr. Marko about what he thinks will happen to implants in the future he stated: â€Å"I expect that it will expand.† He explained that â€Å"current DBS technologies are seeing expanding indications for more and more diseases with good results. But beyond this, there are whole new domains of brain implants coming online and in the research pipeline. These include the whole field of brain-computer interface, which allows the brain to control machines (e.g. prosthetic limbs)Read MoreA Cochlear Implant Is An Electronic Device That Substitutes1041 Words   |  5 PagesA Cochlear Implant is an electronic device that substitutes the damaged part of the inner ear to send signals to the brain. It is used by profoundly deaf or severely deaf people. The first Cochlear Implant was invented in the year of 1961 by Dr. William F. House. He was an american otologist, medical researcher, and physician, born December 1st, 1923-died December 7th, 2012. Dr. William F. House sta rted the process of developing the Cochlear Implant during the late 1950s, after obtaining knowledgeRead MoreNeural Prosthetics And Its Effects1741 Words   |  7 Pagesits future and potential uses. With only a very recent history, neural prosthetics is quickly becoming more and more relevant by the year. Neural prosthetics are already helping thousands of people, from people with deprived hearing, to people with meek vision or no sight at all. Neural prosthetics are devices implanted into the brain that can aid in returning some working function back to a person. This is a process whereby placing a small device inside of someone, typically a small implant inRead MoreThe technology of Australian time The bionic Ear1000 Words   |  4 Pages The bionic Ear Introduction Advancements in Information Technology have now made it possible to restore hearing to the profoundly deaf by inserting a prosthetic device called the Bionic Ear (also known as the Cochlear Implant) in an individual’s inner ear. The Bionic Ear technology is an example of design and innovation combined with information processing, software design and development. Since it was first invented, technology advancements proceeded on a parallel trackRead MoreCommunication Technology Research Project : How It Works, And Its Application919 Words   |  4 Pageswas possible. In any of the movies about the future we see amazing technology being put to use. I don’t know about you, but personally I always think to myself how far fetched it all seems. The new communication technology I chose really overwhelmed me at first. I couldn’t believe all the different ways it could be used for all different types of people and the lengths it could reach. The technology that I decided to write my paper on is called Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). I will discuss whatRead MoreThe Man That Was Used Up By Edgar Allan Poe1261 Words   |  6 PagesNyctalope on Mars).[7][8][9] Edmond Hamilton presented space explorers with a mixture of organic and machine parts in his novel The Comet Doom in 1928. He later featured the talking, living brain of an old scientist, Simon Wright, floating around in a transparent case, in all the adventures of his famous hero, Captain Future. He uses the term explicitly in the 1962 short story, After a Judgment Day, to describe the mechanical analogs called Charlies, explaining that [c]yborgs, they had been calledRead MoreHearing Loss And Cognitive Deterioration1150 Words   |  5 PagesImplantation in Elderly Patients begins with an assessment of cited research that reveals â€Å"whole brain atrophy† in elderly people with sensory impairments, specifically in auditory processing. The goal of study was to analyze the outcome of cogn itive function and mental health in elderly subjects who have their hearing restored using cochlear implants. In order to qualify to become a candidate for the cochlear implant, the participants all had severe-profound sensorineural, postlingual hearing loss in oneRead MoreBrain Computer Interfaces1205 Words   |  5 PagesBrain-computer interfaces, or BCIs, are a developing technology that enable computers to interact directly with the brain for various purposes. They have various current applications, including prosthetic limbs, sight and hearing implants, diagnosis of medical conditions, and research into brain activity (Abdulkader, S 2015). In the future, more advanced forms may provide dramatic changes to communication, entertainment, exchange of knowledge and learning, and other aspects of society (Lance, B KerickRead MoreQuantum Computing: The Future of Technology Essays1322 Words   |  6 Pagesshe can tell he is doing a quick online search in his mind. Technology is const antly growing and soon this future will be a reality. Quantum computing is the first step into all technologies of the future. It involves using electric patterns in the brain to control electronics. A twenty-six-year-old quadriplegic has an implant the size of an aspirin sitting on the top of his brain that allows him to play simple video games, control a robotic arm, and even turn on and off a TV. By 2012 cyberRead MoreThe Benefits of Human Cloning1337 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States and several other industrialized countries. †¢ There has been a breakthrough with human stem cells. Embryonic stem cells can be grown to produce organs or tissues to repair or replace damaged ones. Skin for burn victims, brain cells for the brain damaged, spinal cord cells for quadriplegics and paraplegics, hearts, lungs, livers, and kidneys could be produced. By combining this technology with human cloning technology it may be possible to produce needed tissue for suffering people

Essay about The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath - 1155 Words

The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath One is often enticed to read a novel because of the way in which the characters are viewed and the way in which characters view their surroundings. In the novel The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath, Esther Greenwood is a character whose heightened and highly emotional response to events, actions and sentiments (Assignment sheet) intrigue the reader. One of her character traits is extreme paranoia that is shown in different situations throughout the novel. As a result of this, she allows herself to be easily let down, as she believes that all events that are unsatisfactory are directed towards her. Finally, it is clear that she attempts to escape this notion by imagining an idyllic yet impossible life that she†¦show more content†¦Another common attribute of paranoia is the belief that others are plotting something potentially hurtful. This can be seen in the way that she feels as if she is being tested by others. She is admitted to a mental institution, and it is apparent that she is untrustworthy of the motives of others when the doctors visit her: I lay on my bed under the thick white blanket, and they entered my room, one by one, and introduced themselves. I couldnt understand why there should be so many of them, or why they would want to introduce themselves, and I began to think that they were testing me, to see if I noticed that there were too many of them. (Plath 198) Esther evidently feels as if she is constantly being judged and tested, although in fact she is not. Her magnified sense of distrust is illustrated repeatedly throughout the course of the book, at once involving the reader and developing her own characteristic response to unique situations. Finally, one who views occurrences which can only be categorized as coincidental as being planned often experiences a suspicious response. When she finds out that an acquaintance from high school is at the same hospital, her first reaction is wariness: It occurred to me that Joan, hearing where I was, had engaged the room at the asylum on pretence, simply as a joke. ( Plath 207). Although the reader is incredulous of the protagonists manner of thought, it is also possible to feel a connection to the situation. Such aShow MoreRelatedThe Bell Jar, by Sylvia Plath1318 Words   |  6 Pageswe live. Many authors who seek this understanding fall short of their expectations and find themselves questioning life to an even greater extent than they had prior to their endeavors. One example of this would be author and poet Sylvia Plath, whose novel The Bell Jar parallels the tragic events that occurred throughout her own life. This coming-of-age story follows the life of Esther, a very bright and introverted student from Boston. She spends a month in New York City as a contest-winning juniorRead MoreThe Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath1211 Words   |  5 PagesOn January 14th of 1963, Sylvia Plath had finally completed The Bell Jar after approximately two years of writing. This novel could have been considered a partial autobiography, because the main character Esther Greenwood eerily represents Sylvia Plath. There are a number of references to Plath’s real life throughout the book, too many for it to be considered a mere coincidence. Within the story, Esther Greenwood considers and attempts suicide quite frequently. Could this novel have been foreshadowingRead MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath Essay1438 Words   |  6 Pagesthe novel been translated into nearly a dozen different languages, but it is also the only novel under the American writer and poet Sylvia Plath. She wrote this novel to resemble her life whenever she was dealing with mental illness. It was published in 1967 and was not published in the United States until 1971. After the first publication in the United Kingdom, Plath committed suicide in a very tragic way.   Even though this novel can be viewed as â€Å"dark†, many english classes read this world wideRead MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath1099 Words   |  5 PagesThe Bell Jar by: Sylvia Plath Depression is a serious topic throughout the world, especially in America. Depression can result in someone feeling completely alone. There is no direct cause for depression in adolescents, but it can be brought on by the maturing process, stress from failure in some sort, a traumatic or disturbing event such as death, or even a break up. Sure, everyone has an off day here and there, where they feel like they shouldn’t even bother getting out bed in the morning, butRead MoreThe Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath1211 Words   |  5 PagesSylvia Plath Research Paper Title The Bell Jar place[s] [the] turbulent months[of an adolescent’s life] in[to] mature perspective (Hall, 30). In The Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath uses parallelism, stream of consciousness, the motif of renewal and rebirth, symbolism of the boundary-driven entrapped mentally ill, and auto-biographical details to epitomize the mental downfall of protagonist, Esther Greenwood. Plath also explores the idea of how grave these timeless and poignant issues can affect a fragileRead More The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath1820 Words   |  7 PagesIdentity is fragile and is a characteristic that every person must discover without hiding behind inexperience’s and excluding themselves from the outside world of reality or else their own personal bell jar will suffocate them alive. The Bell Jar, a semi-autobiographical novel written by Sylvia Plath portrays how a young woman with too many identities and unrealistic expectations overwhelms herself to the point that she contemplates and attempts su icide multiple times. Esther Greenwood, a young collegeRead MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath942 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment of her relationship with many characters in the novel, The Bell Jar. Esther is mentally and emotionally different than a majority of the people in her community. As a result of this state, she often has difficulty taking criticism to heart. Her depression continues to build throughout the novel as she remains in the asylum. It does not help that she has no aid from her loved ones. In the novel, The Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath utilizes the relationships that Esther shares with Buddy Willard MrsRead MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath1274 Words   |  6 Pagesnovel The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath the prime character, Esther Greenwood, struggles to handle life in her own skin. She feels as though she is trapped in a glass bell jar with no escape because of her incapability to comprehend herself. For example, in chapter one Plath states, â€Å"‘My name s Elly H igginbottom,’ I said. ‘I come from Chicago.’ After that I felt safer. I didn t want anything I said or did that night to be associated with me and my real name and coming from Boston† (Plath 11). In thisRead MoreThe Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath1554 Words   |  6 Pagestrials and triumphs in their personal life, their relationships with others and their surroundings. In the Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath explores the role of women in society in 1950s New York City through her relationships and interactions. Esther Greenwood is the major character and is therefore central to the novel. The book is considered to be a â€Å"roman a` clef† portraying the painful summer of Sylvia Plath’s psychotic breakdown in 1953, and contains â€Å"thinly disguised portraits of her family and friends†Read MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath1940 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the definition of the word â€Å"bell jar† is, †Å"a bell-shaped usually glass vessel designed to contain objects or preserve gases and or a vacuum†. Sylvia Plath’s title, The Bell Jar, symbolically represents her feeling towards the seclusion and inferiority women endured trapped by societes glass vessel during the 1950’s. The Bell Jar, follows the life of Esther Greenwood, the protagonist and narrator of the story, during her desperate attempt to become a woman

Dimensions of Physical and Mental Health

Question: Discuss about theDimensions of Physical and Mental Health. Answer: Introduction Anxiety is bodys way to respond to danger, it is an alarm that goes off automatically when we feel threatened or are under pressure. Usually people have anxiety in moderation, which is not a bad thing as it helps us to stay focused and alert but if anxiety starts interfering with daily life, then the person may be suffering from anxiety disorder (Andreasen, Black, 2006). Depression and anxiety are the two most common health issues in our society. As we can learn from the case study about Georgia who is a 22 year old university student, she is feeling stressed these days. She is unable to concentrate in her studies and gets panic attacks before her assessments. She lives on her own in a small flat and has trouble sleeping. She has stopped going out with her friends and spends her time worrying and being anxious. Feeling anxious and depressed at times are normal reactions to stressors in life. But experiencing these feelings on a regular basis like Georgia is pointing towards an anxie ty disorder and depression (Bandelow Michaelis, 2015). It is normal to feel anxious when you are facing a problem at work, while taking an important decision, and while appearing for tests. But for a person who suffers from anxiety disorder, this anxiety does not go away with the stressor that has caused it. Anxiety disorders are feelings of fear and anxiety. It is the worry and fear about current and future events that interferes with the normal living of the person suffering from it. These feelings also cause physically visible symptoms such as faster heart rate, shakiness and shortness of breath. Georgia is experiencing all of these symptoms. Her anxiety has started interfering with her daily life and with her social life. Another crucial piece of information that we get from the case study is that her mother suffers from anxiety as well and Georgia fears she would end up like her mother as anxious and confused. In this essay we would learn about anxiety disorders and how to dea l with them. Self strategies and effective treatments help to understand and treat these disorders enabling people affected by them, to lead a normal life.( Lenze , Wetherell, 2011) A mental disorder is a significant psychological or behavioral pattern or syndrome that is associated with disability or distress in an individual. It was referred to disorders that cause dysregulation of thought, mood or behavior (Andreasen, Black, 2006). Some researchers have also explained it as a significant clinical disturbance in an individuals emotional regulation, developmental processes, behavior or cognition. These disorders can increase risk of disability, death and loss of freedom. It is important that we are able to distinguish between a mental disorder and a common response to a stressor. ( Alvaro, Roberts, Harris, Bruni, 2016) Like in situations of loss of a loved one feeling sad and distant is not a mental disorder. Same goes for conflicts and socially deviant behavior in case of religious, sexual and political conflicts unless the conflicts are a result of being caused by a dysfunctional person (Hales, Yudofsky, 2003). Modern society is a fearful, isolated and uniq ue place. As millions all over the world are suffering from some type of mental illness. ( Lenze Wetherell, 2011) The most pervasive among these disorders are the mood disorders that include depression and anxiety. In our case study Georgia is suffering from anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders have become the biggest mental health problems in the world. Many people visit emergency rooms thinking that they are dying from a heart attack when they are experiencing panic attacks and breathing issues due to anxiety. They complain of paranoia, chest pains, unexplained fear, rapid heartbeat, sense of panic and severe headaches. Anxiety disorders are of three types. These are generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder and social anxiety disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder or GAD is one where the individual worries and fear for events that are occurring at present and may occur in future. This is what Georgia is experiencing. This unrealistic and excessive worry is caused by no apparent reason at all. These individuals anticipate disaster and become concerned about these issues. ( Hales, Yudofsky, 2003). Georgia gets panicky and worried about her exams and fears that she will fail them. GAD is diagnosed in those individuals that are unable to control their worry and have symptoms like feeling restless, fatigued, difficulty concentrating, sleep disturbance and irritability (Alvaro, Roberts, Harris, Bruni, 2016). From the case study we can know that Georgia is facing all these symptoms. She has difficulty in concentrating in her study and becomes overwhelmed by the workload. She worries and panics before her exams. Due to her feelings of anxiousness and tensions she is facing difficulty in sleeping. She is also feeling tired and is unable to go out on her usual walks in the evening (Jackson, MacLeod ,2016). Individuals suffering from GAD do not know how to stop their worry cycle even when they can feel that they are getting too tensed. The cause of generalized anxiety disorder is still not known but family background, particular stressful life experiences and biological factors are to be blamed. The case study also mentions that Georgias mother suffers from anxiety disorder and it has been found that individuals who have the genes, are at 37% higher risk than other individuals. Therefore Georgias fear that she may end up being anxious and fearful like her mother is not invalid (Knoll, Halladay, Holmes, Levitt, 2016). Georgia lives all alone in a small flat. She needs friends and family around her. A person suffering from anxiety disorders needs the care and support of his friends and family (Mather, Blom, Bergstrm, Svedberg, 2016). It is important that people around her learn about the disorder and encourages her to seek treatment. They have to motivate the individual and show positive reinforcement. In the case study we come to know that Georgia has distanced herself from everyone but still talks to her mom most days. It is important that her mom recognizes the symptoms that Georgia is going through and encourages her to spend time with her friends and family. Georgia needs people around her and she needs to take part in activities that can help her to create memories that are happy and exciting. In the case of Georgia her mother suffers from anxiety disorder and she is experiencing the same symptoms. Scientists believe that anxiety is a behavior that is learned as when a parent is always anxio us the child mirrors that behavior. The link between genes and anxiety has been proved by studies in the field of neurobiology and genetics. It has been proven that cause of anxiety is a combination of environmental and genetic factors. As about a dozen family studies prove that there is a 3-5 fold increased risk to relatives of people suffering from anxiety disorders. While no one can predict or determine that who may have these disorders, councilors and psychiatrists agree that contemporary society does play an important role. Now lets concentrate on the environmental part of anxiety causing factors. Environmental factors such as stress at school, work, and trauma all affect a person deeply. In Georgias case the stress of her exams gets to her. She is always worried that will fail and is not confident that she has studies well. From the case study it is not quite evident that whether she is facing any kind of trauma or stress at school but she does feels anxious and tense about her assignments. This unwanted and constant worry is giving rise to symptoms such as feeling restless, fatigued, difficulty concentrating, sleep disturbance and irritability. Georgia is still not realizing that she is facing a troubling condition that will not go on its own. In order to provide a better quality of life she has to accept and understand the symptoms. Isolation and loneliness set the stage for these disorders (Etkin, Prater, Schatzberg, Menon, Greicius, 2009). The first step of anxiety recovery is the identification of the symptoms and understanding how to overcome them. Self help and acceptance plays a vital role as a person should accept the fact that he or she is dealing with anxiety and accepts it as the part of recovery. The second step is to take the help of medical professionals to deal with your anxiety. There are numerous therapies and medications that are given to treat these disorders. Antidepressants, anxiety reducing drugs and low dose antipsychotics are prescribed. Therapies like psychotherapies or talk therapy has been found to be quite helpful (Dunlop, Davis, 2008). Psychotherapy includes cognitive behavior therapy that teaches an individual to think, behave and react differently to fearful situations and anxiety causing situations. (Barlow, Bullis, Comer, Ametaj, 2013). These therapies help the individual to fac e their fears by engaging in activities. These therapies have relaxation imagery and exercises to help calm down the person. A person has to decrease the vulnerability by reaching out and socializing with others. Spending time with others is a tool for commitment and confidence. The person should meet his or her friends, join a support group. Georgia is not helping herself as recently she has even stopped going out with her friends like she used to. Exercise and enough sleep also plays an important part in calming our brains as lack of sleep gives birth to anxious feelings and thoughts. While these self help therapies and strategies can be effective it is important that we seek professional help. There is a fundamental link between physical and mental health. According to researchers in Bangor University of Wales a peaceful and resting mind is helpful in doing stenos physical activity. The social determinants of health impact both mental health and physical conditions (Tamashiro, 2015). Nutritious food, physical activity, adequate income and social support play an important role in ensuring that a person i s physically and mentally sound (Nagalski, Kozinski, Wisniewska, 2016). Whichever way we look the link between mental and physical health is incontrovertible as each one affects the other. Poor physical health can be responsible for poor mental health and the other way around. (Jackson, MacLeod , 2016) Implications for Practice as a Health Professional Healths professional that are dealing with people suffering from anxiety disorders should know how to accurately diagnose an anxiety disorder. The greatest challenge in treating these disorders is finding the right beginning for the treatment. This can be done by learning to recognize the symptoms of these disorders. As a trained professional we should help the person suffering from the disorder to seek out the therapy that will help them recover. We have to discuss the various available treatment options with the patients and explain each of them with their duration and potential results. As anxiety disorders can affect in people of any ages and sex using an integrated approach which incorporates lifestyle changes, integrative therapies, mainstream interventions and healing practices can help us to provide a holistic model to treat these disorders ( Klitzing, White, Otto, Fuchs, Egger, Klein, 2014), (McLean, Asnaani, Litz, Hofmann, 2011). (Kessler, Aguilar-Gaxiola, Alonso, Chatter ji, Lee, Ormel, Ustn, Wang, 2009). Conclusion Despite the huge evidence of research associated with anxiety our ability to predict about this disorder is limited. Although understanding of risk factors such as genetics and environmental factors can point out the vulnerability factors developing in individuals. Anxiety is a condition that does not go away on its own. This condition can be debilitating or mild but these symptoms should never be ignored. It is crucial that individuals suffering from anxiety disorders get themselves evaluated from a doctor. The most important requirement for a person is to recognize the symptoms of anxiety disorder. Through this essay we came to know about anxiety disorders and how people like Georgia are suffering from these disorders. Therefore we must remember that health is a state of complete social, mental, and physical state and not only the absence of disease or illness. References Alvaro, PK., Roberts, RM., Harris, JK., Bruni, O., 2016, The direction of the relationship between symptoms of insomnia and psychiatric disorders in adolescents, J Affect Disord, 207, 167-174 Andreasen, NC., Black, DW., 2006, Introductory Textbook of Psychiatry (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. Bandelow B, Michaelis S, 2015, Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century, Dialogues Clin Neurosci, 17(3), 327-35 Barlow, DH., Bullis, JR., Comer, JS., Ametaj, AA., 2013, Evidence-based psychological treatments: an update and a way forward,Annu Rev Clin Psycho, 9, 1-27 Dunlop, BW., Davis, PG .,2008,"Combination treatment with benzodiazepines and SSRIs for comorbid anxiety and depression: a review",Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry, 10(3): 222228. Lenze E J., Wetherell J L., 2011, A lifespan view ofanxiety disorders, Dialogues Clin Neurosci, 13(4), 381399 Etkin, A., Prater, KE., Schatzberg, AF., Menon, V., Greicius, MD .,2009, "Disrupted amygdalar subregion functional connectivity and evidence of a compensatory network in generalized anxiety disorder",Arch Gen Psychiatry,66(12), 13611372 Hales, R.E., Yudofsky, S.C. , 2003,The American psychiatry publishing textbook of clinical psychiatry.Washington, DC: American Psychiatric. Jackson, H., MacLeod , AK., 2016, Well-being in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Relationship to Symptoms and Psychological Distress,Clin Psychol Psychother, 1, 187-201 Johnson, SU., Hoffart, A., 2016. Metacognitive Therapy for Comorbid Anxiety Disorders: A Case Study..Front Psychol., 7, 1515 Kessler, RC., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Chatterji, S., Lee, S., Ormel, J., Ustn, TB., Wang, PS., 2009, The global burden of mental disorders: an update from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys,Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc;18(1),2333 Klitzing, K von., White, LO., Otto, Y., Fuchs, S., Egger, HL., Klein, AM., 2014, Depressive comorbidity in preschool anxiety disorder, J Child Psychol Psychiatr; 55: 110716. Knoll, AT , Halladay, LR., Holmes, AJ., Levitt, P., 2016, Quantitative Trait Loci and a Novel Genetic Candidate for Fear Learning, J Neurosci, 36(23), 6258-68 Mather, L., Blom, V.,Bergstrm, G., Svedberg, P., 2016, An Underlying Common Factor, Influenced by Genetics and Unique Environment, Explains the Covariation Between Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Burnout: A Swedish Twin Study,Twin Res Hum Genet., 13, 1-9 McLean, CP., Asnaani, A., Litz, BT., Hofmann, SG., 2011, Gender differences in anxiety disorders: Prevalence, course of illness, comorbidity and burden of illness,J Psychiatr Res; Mar23 Nagalski, A., Kozinski, K., Wisniewska, MB., 2016, Metabolic pathways in the periphery and brain: Contribution to mental disorders?,Int J Biochem Cell Bio, 80, 19-30 Tamashiro, KL., 2015, Developmental and environmental influences on physiology and behavior--2014 Alan N. Epstein Research Award, Physiol Behav, 152(Pt B), 508-15